今日分享十八电子电工技术今日分享（十八）电子电工技术（2）电路的基本概念和定律✦✦✦分享兴趣，传播快乐，增长见闻，留下美好！亲爱的您，这里是LearningYard学苑今天小编为大家带来今日分享（十八），欢迎您的访问！Sha。
今日分享（十八）电子电工技术（2） 电路的基本概念和定律
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分享兴趣，传播快乐，增长见闻，留下美好！
亲爱的您，这里是LearningYard学苑。
今天小编为大家带来今日分享（十八），欢迎您的访问！
Share interests, spread happiness, increase knowledge,
and leave a good legacy!
Dear you, this is The LearningYard Academy.
Today Xiaobian brings you today's sharing (eighteen), welcome your visit!
电路的组成成分
电路是电流的通路，它是为了某种需要由某些电工设备或元器件按一定方式组合起来。
A circuit is a path of Current that is combined in a certain way by certain electrical equipment or components for some kind of need.
电路的两大作用：实现电能的运输和转换；传递和处理信号
The two major functions of the circuit: to achieve the transportation and conversion of electrical energy; Transmit and process signals
电力系统：可通过变压器和输电线两部分中间环节运输到负载实现电能的运输和转换。
Power system: The transportation and conversion of electrical energy can be realized by transporting it to the load through the intermediate links of transformers and transmission lines.
扩音器：由信号源输出电信号（电压、电流）再通过放大器把信号传递和处理（调谐、变频、检波、放大）送到负载。
Amplifier: The output electrical signal (voltage, current) from the signal source and then transmits and processes the signal (tuning, frequency conversion, detection, amplification) to the load through the amplifier.
电路模型：主要有电阻元件、电感元件、电容元件、电源器件。
Circuit model: there are mainly resistive components, inductive components, capacitive components, power supply devices.
电压和电流
参考方向：可任意选择某一方向作为电流的参考方向（正方向）
Reference direction: You can arbitrarily select a certain direction as the reference direction of the current (positive direction)
实际方向：当电流的实际方向与参考方向一致时，电流为正。当电流的实际方向与参考方相反时，电流为负。
Actual direction: When the actual direction of the current is consistent with the reference direction, the current is positive. When the actual direction of the current is opposite to the reference party, the current is negative.
电压方向：高电位端指向低电位端
电动势方向：低电位端指向高电位端
Voltage direction: The high potential end points to the low potential end
Electromotive force direction: The low potential end points to the high potential end
欧姆定律：R=U/I，R为线性电阻，表示该电路特性与电流和电压无关
Ohm's law: R = U / I, R is a linear resistance, indicating that the circuit characteristics are independent of current and voltage
电路工作情况
有载工作：接通电源和负载
On-load operation: Power and load
电源：U和I的实际方向相反，从“ ”流出，发出功率；
Power supply: U and I actually go in opposite directions, flowing out of the " ", emitting power;
负载：U和I实际方向相同，从“ ”流入，取用功率
Load: U and I are actually in the same direction, flowing in from " ", taking power
Current is: I=E/(R Ro)
电流为：I=E/(R Ro)
电压为：U=E-IRo
Ro为电源内阻,当Ro越小，电流越大，电源端电压下降越多，负载电压越接近电动势。
Ro is the internal resistance of the power supply, when the Ro is smaller, the greater the current, the more the voltage at the power supply end drops, and the closer the load voltage is to the electromotive force
Ro<<R,U≈E
功率为：UI=EI-I²Ro
开路：开关断开状态，此时电流为0，电源电压等于电动势。
Open circuit: The switch is open, at this time the current is 0, and the supply voltage is equal to the electromotive force.
短路：当电源的两端由于某种原因而连接在一起，此时电流很大，不流经负载，称为短路电流，电源端电压为0。短路可能使电源遭受机械的与热的损伤。
Short circuit: When the two ends of the power supply are connected together for some reason, the current is very large and does not flow through the load, which is called short-circuit current, and the voltage at the power supply end is 0. Short circuits can cause mechanical and thermal damage to the power supply.
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参考资料：电子电工技术教材
翻译：谷歌翻译
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