2．议论型完形填空的备考策略遵循“首句”原则对于议论文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句是做好试题的基本原则之一。有一项调查结果表明,英语议论文有60%～90%的主旨句在文章的首句。所以理清论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。
高考英语议论型完形填空特点及备考策略
1．议论型完形填空的特点
(1)议论形式的完形填空一般是直接提出论点,通过论据论证,最后,作者提出自己的看法或提出另一个话题供大家讨论。
(2)议论形式的完形填空一般都是由论点（作者的观点,也就是被证明的对象）、论据（用来证明论点的依据,是说明论点的理由和材料）和论证（运用论据证明论点的过程与方法）这三个要素构成的,这也是一个提出问题→分析问题→解决问题的过程。
(3)英语议论文不仅需要说明自己的观点,而且还要让读者接受自己的观点,因此,在词语表达上除了客观之外,还比较注重委婉。常用虚拟语气、让步状语从句和情态动词can,could,may,might,would,should等。为了辩证推理的条理性和逻辑性,往往较多地使用since,now that,therefore,in that case,because,so,but,however等过渡词和连接词。
2．议论型完形填空的备考策略
(1)遵循“首句”原则
对于议论文形式的完形填空,在掌握全文主旨的情况下,抓好每段的首句是做好试题的基本原则之一。有一项调查结果表明,英语议论文有60%～90%的主旨句在文章的首句。抓住了每段的主旨句也就“牵住了牛鼻子”,再理解文意也就不难了。
(2)理清论点、论据、结论
议论型完形填空与记叙型完形填空相比,议论型完形填空稍微难做。一般的记叙文是按时间顺序进行描述的,我们只要把握事件发生、发展的过程,就能将情景掌握好。然而议论文形式的完形填空就不这么简单了,如果我们对哪是论点、哪是论据、哪是结论都不清楚,只是莽撞地选择答案,其结果可想而知。所以理清论点、论据和结论是做好议论型完形填空的关键。
(3)“三论”结合验证答案
一般来说,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有机地结合起来,使论点、论据形成相辅相成的关系,因而整个文章上下一致。如果我们所选的答案前后矛盾,论据与论点相悖,最后的结论与论点相矛盾,那就说明我们对于文章的把握欠条理和系统,我们就要重新回过头来理顺文章的各个部分,直到清楚为止,然后再依据自己对全文的掌握及各部分的逻辑关系选出答案。
3、真题放送体验高考
2015年广东卷
How long can human beings live? Most scientists who study old age think that the human body is ___1___ to live no longer than 120 years. However, 110 years is probably the longest that anyone could hope to live —— if he or she is ___2___ healthy and lucky. Some scientists even say we can live as long as 130 years! Yet, our cells simply cannot continue to reproduce ___3___. They wear out, and as a result, we get old and ___4___ die.
Even though we can’t live forever, we are living a ___5___ life than ever before. In 1900, the average American life span (寿命) was only 47 years, but today it is 75 years!
When does old age begin then? Sixty-five may be out-of-date as the ___6___ line between middle age and old age. After all, many older people don’t begin to experience physical and mental ___7___ until after age 75.
People are living longer because more people ___8___ childhood. Before modern medicine changed the laws of nature, many children died of common childhood ___9___. Now that the chances of dying ___10___ are much lower, the chances of living long are much higher due to better diets and health care.
On the whole, our population is getting older. The ___11___ in our population will have lasting effects on our social development and our way of life. Some people fear such changes will be for the worse, while some see ___12___, not disaster, many men and women in their “golden years” are healthy, still active, and young in ___13___ if not in age.
As the society grows old, we need the ___14___ of our older citizens. With long lives ahead of them, they need to ___15___ active and devoted.
1. A. designed B. selected C. improved D. discovered
2. A. completely B. generally C. apparently D. extremely
3. A. rapidly B. harmlessly C. endlessly D. separately
4. A. eventually B. hopelessly C. automatically D. desperately
5. A. busier B. longer C. richer D. happier
6. A. finishing B. guiding C. waiting D. dividing
7. A. stress B. damage C. decline D. failure
8. A. survive B. enjoy C. remember D. value
9. A. problems B. fears C. worries D. diseases
10. A. poor B. young C. sick D. quiet
11. A. changes B. recovery C. safety D. increases
12. A. dreams B. chances C. strengths D. choices
13. A. mind B. appearance C. voice D. movement
14. A. protection B. suggestions C. contributions D. permission
15. A. sound B. appear C. turn D. stay
1-5 ADCAB
6.D考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：作为中年和老年的分界线，65岁可能已经过时了。finishing 完成；guiding 指导，指引；waiting 等待；dividing划分。根据文意可知，把65岁当做中年和老年的分界线，这已经不适合现在的形势了。dividing line分界线，故选D。
7.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：毕竟，很多老年人直到75岁之后才开始经历身体和精神的衰落。stress 压力，压迫；damage 损坏；decline 衰落，衰弱；failure失败。根据句意可知，现在很多老年人是在75岁之后身体和精神才开始衰弱的，故选C。
8.A考查动词及语境的理解。句意：现在人们活得更长因为更多的人从童年中幸存下来。survive 幸存；enjoy 喜欢，欣赏；remember 记得；value价值，估价。根据这一段的内容和the chances of living long are much higher due to a better diets and health care可知，现在的人平均寿命比以前更长的一个原因是人们从童年的疾病中幸存了下来，故选A。
9.D考查名词及语境的理解。句意：在现代医学改变了自然的法则之前，很多孩子死于常见的儿童疾病。problems 问题；fears 恐惧，害怕；worries 担心；diseases 疾病。根据句意可知，以前的人们因为很多普遍的儿童疾病而死，所以导致平均寿命比较低。故选D。
10.B考查形容词及语境的理解。句意：既然年少夭折的可能性更低了，那么活得更长的机会就更高了，因为有了更好的饮食和医学护理。poor 穷的；young 年轻的；sick 病的；quiet 安静的。根据这一段的意思可知，以前人们在小的时候就因为生病死去了，dying young就是年少死去。故选B。
11.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：人口结构的改变会对我们社会的发展和我们的生活方式有持续的影响。changes 改变；recovery 恢复；safety 安全；increases 增长，增加。根据下文中Some people fear such changes will…可知，我们现在的人口结构改变了，故选A。
12.B考查名词及语境的理解。句意：一些人担心这个改变将会带来一些坏处，然而还有一些人看到的是机会，而不是灾难。dreams 梦想；chances 机会；strengths 力量；choices 选择。根据句意可知，这句话中的while 表示对比，即跟前一种人不一样的看法，故选B。
13.A考查名词及语境的理解。句意：现在，很多处在“黄金年龄”的男士和女士，身体都非常健康，仍然积极，心态也很年轻。mind 心态；appearance 外表；voice 声音；movement移动。根据句意可知，这里应该是说虽然年龄老了，但是心态依然年轻，故选A。
14.C考查名词及语境的理解。句意：随着我们的社会老龄化，我们需要这些老年公民们的贡献。protection 保护；suggestions 建议；contributions 贡献；permission允许。根据文意可知，现在的社会逐渐老龄化，因此老年人也要继续给我们的社会做贡献，故选C。
15.D考查动词及语境的理解。句意：前面还有很长的寿命，他们需要保持积极的心态和奉献的精神。sound 听起来；appear 好像；出现；turn 转，变成；stay保持。根据文意可知，现在人们的寿命更长了，因此老年人也要继续保持积极心态，为我们的社会做贡献。故应选D。
【考点定位】社会现象类短文。
【2012江苏卷】阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent. In the world of digital technology, e-mail, social networking and online video games, information is meant to be 36 . Solitude can be hard to discover 37 it has been given up. In this respect, new technologies have 38 our culture.
The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. Today we can talk, text, e-mail, chat and blog(写博客), not only from our 42 but from our mobile phones as well.
Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it, and at this point not 44 it would make them an outsider. 45 , many jobs and careers require people to be 46 . From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work. Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.
I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it. Computers can be shut 49 and mobile phones can be turned off. The ability to be "connected" and "on" has many 50 , as well as disadvantages. Travelers have ended up 51 on mountains, and mobile phones have saved countless lives. They can also make people feel 52 and forced to answer unwanted calls or 53 to unwanted texts.
Attitudes towards our connectedness as a society 54 across generations. Some find today's technology a gift. Others consider it a curse. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology.
36.A. updated B. received C. shared D. collected
37.A. though B. until C. once D. before
38.A. respected B. shaped C. ignored D. preserved
39.A. edge B. stage C. end D. balance
40. A. sensitive B. intelligent C. considerate D. reachable
41. A. even if B. only if C. as if D. if only
42.A.media B. computes C. databases D. monitors
43.A.bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent
43. A. bent B. hard C. keen D. dependent
44. A. finding B. using C. protecting D. changing
45. A. Also B. Instead C. Otherwise D. Somehow
46. A. connected B. trained C. recommended D. interested
47. A. pleasure B. benefit C. burden D. disappointment
48.A. slightly B. hardly C. merely D. really
49.A. out B. down C. up D. in
50. A. aspects B. weaknesses C. advantages D. exceptions
51. A. hidden B. lost C. relaxed D. deserted
52.A. trapped B. excited C. confused D. amused
53.A. turn B. submit C. object D. reply
54.A. vary B. arise C. spread D. exist
55.A. beyond B. within C. despite D. without
【考点】科技类—议论文
【文章大意】在现代社会中，由于数码技术的发展，我们独处的概念几乎不复存在。尽管人们对现代技术的发展持有不同的看法，但是技术的进步，我们的生活会完全不同。让我们尽情的享受生活。
36．【答案】C 【考点】动词义辨析
【试题解析】根据第一句话“The concept of solitude (独处) in the digital world is almost non-existent.“在数码时代里，独处的概念几乎是不存在的”可知，此处表示信息是被共享的。故选C项。【难度】一般
37．【答案】C【考点】连词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据上下无奈语境，一旦被放弃孤独是很难发现的。once意为“一旦”，符合语境。though意为“尽管”；until意为“直到”；before意为“在……之前”。都不符合题意。【难度】一般
38．【答案】B【考点】动词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据上下文，句意：在这方面，新技术塑造着我们的未来。respect意为“尊重”；shape意为“塑造，使成形”；ignore意为“忽视”；preserve意为“保护”。根据语境可知，应选B项。
【难度】一般
39．【答案】C【考点】动词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据本句中的connect（连接）可知，此处表示终止孤独。end意为“结束，终止”，符合语境。【难度】一般
40．【答案】D【考点】形容词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据后半句“and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be.人们能够经常被联系”可知，在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到。reachable意为“可达到的，可获得的”，符合语境。【难度】一般
41．【答案】A【考点】连词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据上下文，可推知， 在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到以致即使不愿意被联系，也可能经常被联系。根据语境可知，应选A项。even if意为“即使”；only if意为“只要”；as if意为“似乎”；if only意为“要是……该多好”。【难度】一般
42．【答案】B【考点】名词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据上文中的network可知，交谈、发短信、法电子邮件等等应与电脑有关。故选B项。【难度】一般
43．【答案】D【考点】动词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据后半句“they’ve grown accustomed to it”可知，许多发达国家已经依赖于数码技术。dependent (on)意为“依靠的”，符合语境。bent (on)意为“决心的”；hard（on）意为“严厉的”；keen (on)意为“爱好，喜欢”。【难度】一般
44．【答案】B【考点】动词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据前半句“Most developed nations have become 43 on digital technology simply because they've grown accustomed to it,”可知，此处意为：不使用它会让他们成为局外人。故选B项。【难度】一般
45．【答案】A【考点】副词词义辨析
【试题解析】此处表示进一步陈述人们与新技术的联系。故选A项。【难度】一般
46．【答案】A【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】许多工作和职业需要人们被联系。根据上下文多次提到connect和contact可知，应选A项。【难度】一般
47．【答案】C【考点】名词词义辨析 【试题解析】根据后半句“may not want to be able to be contacted at all times”可知，经常被联系是一种负担。A项意为“愉悦”；benefit意为“利益”；disappointment意为“失望”，均与语境不符。故选C项。【难度】一般
48．【答案】D【考点】副词词义辨析【试题解析】独处对于真正想要独处的人来说仍然是可能的。slightly意为“稍微”；hardly意为“几乎不”；merely意为“仅仅”；really意为“真正地”。 really符合语境。【难度】一般
49．【答案】B 【考点】动词短语词义辨析【试题解析】根据后半句中的“turn off”可知，此处应为意义一致的短语，shut down意为“关闭”，符合语境。shut out意为“关在外面，遮住”；shut up意为“住口”；shut in意为“关进”。【难度】一般
50．【答案】C【考点】动词词义辨析【试题解析】根据disadvantages可知这句的句意，“除了劣势之外，还有很多优势”。故选C项。【难度】一般
51．【答案】B【考点】形容词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据后半句“mobile phones have saved countless lives.”，可知此处指旅游者在山上迷路了。故选B项。【难度】一般
52．【答案】A【考点】形容词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据本句中的“force和unwanted”可知，手机还使人们人感到困窘（trapped），被迫回答不必要的电话或者回复不必要的短信。excited意为“兴奋的”；confused意为“混乱的，困惑的，糊涂的”；amused意为“愉快的”。【难度】一般
53．【答案】D【考点】动词短语词义辨析
【试题解析】根据上一题的解析可知，此处为回复短信。turn to意为“转向；求助于”，submit to意为“提交；服从”；object to意为“反对”，均与语境不符。故选D项。
【难度】一般
54．【答案】A【考点】动词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据下文，说到人们对现在的技术的态度可知，态度在不同时代有所变化。vary意为“变化，改变”，符合语境。arise意为“出现”；spread意为“传播”；exist意为“存在”。
【难度】一般
55．【答案】D【考点】介词词义辨析
【试题解析】根据上下文，句意：如果没有每日的技术进步，难以想象生活会是什么样。根据本句宾语从句中所用的虚拟语气可知，应选without，意为“没有”。beyond意为“超过，超越”；within意为“在……之内”；despite意为“尽管”。
【难度】一般
【长难句分析】
1. The desire to be connected has brought solitude to a ( n) 39 as we've known it.本句是as 引导的原因状语从句，主句中的主语to be connected动词不定式修饰the desire 为后置定语。
2. People have become so 40 in the world of networks and connections that one can often be contacted 41 they'd rather not be. 在网络连接世界中，人们已经变得如此地可达到以致即使不愿意被联系，也可能经常被联系。So… that …引导的结果状语从句。
3.Being reachable might feel like a 47 to those who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.动名词做主语，后面who may not want to be able to be contacted at all times.是those的后置定语从句。
4. I suppose the positive side is that solitude is still possible for anyone who 48 wants it.
Suppose的宾语从句，在宾语从句中that 引导的表语从句。
5. Regardless of anyone's view on the subject, it's hard to imagine what life would be like 55 daily advancements in technology. 尽管在这个问题观点不同。如果没有每日的技术进步，难以想象生活会是什么样。Regardless of 引导的让步状语从句。后面主句中是imagine的宾语从句，what 为连词。
【完形赏析】
It’s funny how you’d ask a kid today what he/she’d like to be when they grow up. 1 they’d say, “I want to be like my daddy or like my mummy.” You ask the same question to 2 and you’d hear them saying they 3 to be like R, Kelly, Dora or Obama. These people are 4 in their own rights(凭他们自身的努力), but that’s not enough reason to spend your time living out a life just trying to be an image of 5 person. This same question is not just 6 to kids and teens; ask adults and they’d also tell you they want to be like Bill Gates or Ellen Sirleaf Johnson.
We live in a 7 in which people are from different backgrounds. Some are born with 8
spoons and others with no spoon at all. We live in a world of 9 and solutions, obstacles and
stepping-stones, depending on where you’re looking.
Most of us spend our time and energy 10 shoes to fit into, leaving ours behind, trying to live life and 11 the way our role models do. It’s good but that’s not the 12 factor that we’d be like them, 13 we’d be surprised that we’ll fall short of our expectations if we spend much energy 14 the wind. Genius is 1% inspiration and 99% perspiration, so it’s 15 that we all have the 1% in our genetic make-up but we need to work hard.
Now, I’m not trying to say it’s 16 to want to be like somebody else; all I’m trying to say is that you were born here for a reason---You were given an empty 17 to write your life in. I wouldn’t want your book to be 18 with how so-so and so is but rather how “I am”, for as you go around trying out people’s 19 , who’s going to try yours? Even if you don’t become successful in life, 20 yourself with the thought that at least your shoes are worth trying out.
1.A. Fortunately B. Generally C. Surprisingly D. Curiously
2.A. teenagers B. adults C. kids D. elders
3.A. refuse B. agree C. hesitate D. want
4.A. ambitious B. weak C. great D. kind
5.A. another B. any C. each D. other
6.A. passed B. introduced C. carried D. limited
7.A. country B. world C. village D. city
8.A. silver B. wooden C. iron D. stone
9.A. opportunities B. successes C. challenges D. achievements
10.A. holding up B. looking for C. taking up D. caring for
11.A. stay B. insist C. continue D. act
12.A. simple B. permanent C. chief D. obvious
13.A. though B. because C. but D. and
14.A. removing B. chasing C. avoiding D. changing
15.A. strange B. funny C. likely D. clear
16.A. bad B. hard C. natural D. good
17.A. chance B. hand C. head D. book
18.A. provided B. filled C. painted D. charged
19.A. clothes B. trousers C. shoes D. jackets
20.A. forgive B. comfort C. remind D. charge
完形填空
你长大了想干什么呢？你总是试穿别人的鞋，那么谁穿你的鞋呢？
BADCA DBACB DCBBD ADBCB
1.当你问孩子们长大后想做什么，通常他们会说：我想成为像爸爸或妈妈那样的人.
2.由第一段最后一句可知，此处指问青少年.
3.你会听到他们说他们想成为像罗凯利，朵拉或奥巴马那样的人.
5.这些人是伟大的，但是这不足以成为你想成为另一个人的样子的原因.
6.同样的问题不是仅限于小孩和青少年. 7. 根据本段最后一句可知此处应填world.
8. 指生于富有的家庭.
9.根据句中obstacles and stepping -stones的对应关系可知，此处指挑战和解决方案.
11.许多人花时间和经历寻找适合自己的鞋子努力按照榜样的方式做事而把自己的鞋子抛在一边.
12.我们学习他人的榜样，这很好，但是这不是我们想成为他们那样的人的首要因素.
14.因为我们在追求自己的梦想时，会发现结果与期望之间还有距离，那时我们会感到吃惊的.
15.很明显我们都有百分之一的天赋，但是我们必须要努力工作.
16.我不是说想成为别人那样不好.
18.每个人刚出生后，生命之书是空白的，我希望你的生命之树写满的不是很平庸，也是之类的字眼而是我如何如何.
19.你总是试穿别人的鞋子，那么谁会试穿你的鞋子呢？
20.即使你在生活中没有飞黄腾达，你也可以用这样的想法来安慰自己---至少你的鞋子值得一试.
【一试身手】
It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The 1 is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual growth by 2 situation that has beendesigned for the 3 children.
There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems.
I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a __7__ class. In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers’ directions. In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program.
Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning. However, this 11 is more often from parents and teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 . Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school. Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious. The gifted child who is bored is an 15 child.
1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification
2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living
3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average
4. A. regular B. special C. small D. creative
5. A. children B. programs C. graduates D. designs
6. A. intelligent B. competent C. ordinary D. independent
7. A. separate B. regular C. new D. boring
8. A. specially B. slightly C. wrongly D. heavily
9. A, directly B. cleverly C. voluntarily D. quickly
10. A. doubted B. bored C. worried D. tired
11. A. concern B. conclusion C. reflection D. interest
12. A. students B. adults C. scholars D. teachers
13. A. talented B. worried C. learned D. interested
14. A. believe B. think C. say D. feel
15. A. outstanding B. intelligent C. anxious D. ordinary
完形【要点综述】
本文是一篇议论文。文章就有天赋的学生是不是应该进特殊班的问题进行了讨论，调查表明被分在特殊班的学生并没有人们想象的好效果，特殊班里的学生过分依赖老师的引导，反而对学习失去了兴趣。
1.C 考查名词辨析。根据文意可知分班的争论依据是：普通班会阻碍有天赋学生的发展。
2.C 考查现在分词的用法。这里指为普通学生设计的普通班的学习环境。
3.D考查形容词词义辨析。后文指为普通学生设计的普通班。与前面的gifted相对的是average(普通的，一般的)。故选D。
4.B 考查形容词的词义辨析及语境理解。特殊班能帮助学生早毕业，尽早的走进生活。
5.A 考查语境理解。根据上文可知：此处指有天赋的孩子们。把有天赋的孩子们从普通班分出来产生了严重问题。
6.A考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。此处intelligent意为：聪明的，有天赋的；它与gifted同意。
7.B考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。把特殊班里的有天赋的学生放到普通班里进行调研。后文有提示：In the regular class。
8.D 考查副词的词义及语境。在特殊班里的学生没怎么表现出运用自己的判断力的能力，相反，他们过分依赖老师的引导。
9.C考查副词词义及语境理解。由having no worry about keeping up可知：在普通班有天赋的学生不必担心跟上课程的问题，所以他们就会自动的思考许多问题。此处voluntarily意为：自愿地，主动地。
10.B考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。许多人担心他们会感到厌烦从而对学习失去兴趣。
11.A考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。这种担心更多来源于老师和家长而不是学生。
12.B考查名词词义辨析及语境理解。根据上文的parents and teachers可知，一些老师有了应该为那些有天赋的学生设立特殊班的想法，因为老师比家长更了解学校的情况。
13.A 考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。根据上文应为有天赋的学生。此处talented与gifted同意。
14.D考查动词词义辨析及语境理解。他们为什么会有这样的感觉是因为不适应学校的课程。
15.C考查形容词词义及语境理解。根据上文Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious可知此处选C。
